Spray nozzles & systems

What is the function of the spray nozzle and the spray process?

The first step when choosing the right spray nozzle is to define the function and application of the spray process, such as cooling a gas, washing a tank or flushing a conveyor belt. Type of spray nozzle, thus also spray pattern and droplet size, are important to consider in order to optimise the spray process.

Cooling product and objects BETE Knowledge Bank

 

Under Solutions our website lists a number of common applications and processes, as well as the nozzles that are recommended.

 

Fullkonsdysan skapar en spray formad som en kon och är den vanligast förekommande typ av dysa inom industrin. Det finns tre olika typer av fullkonsdysor – axiella och tangentiella dysor, samt spiraldysor.

Full cone nozzles

The most common type of spray nozzle used in industry is the full cone spray nozzle. Applications include gas cooling, gas scrubbing, demister flushing, absorption, liquid distribution and fire protection.

There are three different types of full cone nozzles - axial, tangential and spiral nozzles. Compared with the spiral nozzle, the axial and tangential nozzle creates relatively larger droplets with a very even fluid distribution within the cone and across the surface, compared to the spiral nozzle. Axial and tangential full cone nozzles have a higher volume flow in the outer part of the cone and an even, lower flow within the cone. The spiral nozzle produces multiple concentric cones. These cones form two to three bands of relatively coarse droplets iwth higher flow, surrounded by wider bands of relatively fine droplets and lower flow.

Spiraldysa fullkon. Spraybilden skapas genom att vätskan skär längs spiralen och bildar flera koncentriska koner.

Spiral full cone nozzle

  • The spray pattern of the spiral nozzle is formed by the fluid shearing along with the turns of the spiral, which produce multiple concentric cones.
  • The cones form 2 to 3 bands of relatively large droplets, surrounded by wider bands of relatively small droplets. 

Axiell fullkonsdysa skapar en spray formad som en kon. Ingående och utgående sprayriktning är på samma axel.

Axial full cone nozzle

  • Spray exits on the same axis it enters
  • Internal disc or vane causes the liquid to spin, and the centrifugal force exerted upon the geometry of the exit creates the spray pattern.
  • Even distribution of droplets in the cone and across the surface
  • Wide range of flow rates
  • Large free passage

Tangentiell fullkonsdysa skapar en spray formad som en kon. Den utgående sprayriktningen är 90° i relation till ingångsaxeln.

Tangential full cone nozzle

  • Spray exits 90° from the entry axis
  • Internal geometry creates the spray pattern by the liquid swirling around the body cavity before exiting the orifice
  • Even distribution of droplets in the cone and across the surface
  • Large free passage

Hålkonsdysan skapar en konformad spray med en koncentration av droppar i den yttre delen av sprayen format som en ring. Det finns tre olika typer av hålkonsdysor – axiella och tangentiella dysor, samt spiraldysor.

Hollow cone nozzles

Hollow cone nozzles create relatively smaller droplets compared to full cone nozzles, which can be useful in for example gas cooling processes.

There are three different types of hollow cone nozzles - axial, tangential and spiral nozzles.

Spiraldysa hålkon. Spraybilden skapas genom att vätskan skär längs spiralen och bildar en koncentrisk kon med sprayen koncentrerad till den yttre delen av ringen.

Spiral hollow cone nozzle

  • The spray pattern is created by the liquid shearing along the spiral, forming a concentric cone.
  • The spray is concentrated to the perimeter of the spray cone, which consists of relatively large droplets, whilst a fine mist is created within the cone.

Axiell hålkonsdysa skapar en konformad spray där sprayen är koncentrerad till den yttre delen av konen. Ingående och utgående sprayriktning är på samma axel.

Axial hollow cone nozzle

  • Spray exits on the same axis it enters
  • Internal disc or vane causes the liquid to spin, and the centrifugal force exerted upon the geometry of the exit creates the spray pattern.
  • Spray is concentrated on outer edges of the cone.
  • Relatively small droplets compared to axial full cone nozzles.
  • Large free passage

Tangentiell hålkonsdysa skapar en konformad spray där sprayen är koncentrerad till den yttre delen av konen och formar en ring. Den utgående sprayen är 90° i relation till ingångsaxeln.

Tangential hollow cone nozzle

  • Spray exits 90° from the entry axis
  • Internal geometry creates the spray pattern by the liquid swirling around the body cavity before exiting the orifice.
  • Spray is concentrated on outer edges of the cone.
  • Relatively small droplets compared to tangential full cone nozzles.
  • Large free passage

Flatstråledysan skaåar en spray som är formad som ett rakt streck. Flatstråledysans droppar är relativt stora jämfört med andra dysor och sprayen är ofta kompakt och kraftig.

Flat fan nozzles

Flat fan nozzles often create a high impact spray, with droplets that are relatively larger compared to other spray nozzles.

The flat fan nozzle is very effective for various flushing, rinsing and washing processes, but is also used to spray liquid over products and materials on conveyor belts.

Axiell flatstråledysa skapar en spray som smalnar av mot ytterkanterna av sprayen.

Axial flat fan nozzle

  • Uniform distribution with tapered edges

Deflektor flatstråledysa skapar en spray med extra bred sprayvinkel.

Deflector flat fan nozzle

  • The spray is deflected off an external surface and creates an extra-wide fan spray pattern

Misting and fogging nozzles create a spray consisting of very small droplets even at low pressures and are used for dust control, humidification, cooling, surface treatment, and for spraying oil mist.

Misting nozzles

Misting and fogging nozzles create a spray consisting of very small droplets even at low pressures and are used for dust control, humidification, cooling, surface treatment, and for spraying oil mist.

The higher the pressure, the smaller the droplets. Droplet size for misting nozzles ranges from 20 to 500 microns. Small droplets are ideal when full evaporation is required. It is important to note that the outlet opening is very small, which means that the nozzle can clog if the liquid contains solid particles. In order to prevent clogging, installing a pre-filter or using a misting nozzle with a built-in filter is recommended.

Dimdysan tvingar vätskan genom ett litet utloppshål, vilket gör att vätskan finfördelas i mycket små droppar och på så sätt skapas en dimma.

Small opening

  • Liquid is atomised by being forced through a very small opening
  • Narrower spray pattern at lower pressures

En dimdysa med ett litet stift vid utloppshålet. Denna typ av dimdysa atomiserar, dvs finfördelar, vätskan när den laminära strålen träffar stiftet vid utloppshålet och på så sätt skapas en fin dimma.

Impingement

  • Liquid is atomised into a fine mist or fog when the laminar jet impinges on the pin.
  • Spray angle 70° - 90°

Luftatomiserande dysor skapar en spray genom att luft blandas med vätskan i sprayprocessen och skapar på så sätt relativt mindre droppar jämfört med andra dysor. Spraybilden finns som fullkon, hålkon, samt flatstråle.

Air atomising nozzles

Air atomising nozzles create a very fine spray of small droplets and are used for cooling, humidification, lubrication, surface treatment, etc.

The spray is created by mixing air with liquid in the spray process, thus creating relatively smaller droplets compared to other spray nozzles. The spray pattern is available as full cone, hollow cone, and flat fan.

This product group consists of a range of components, which can be combined in different ways to create the right drop size and flow for a particular application. Air atomising nozzles are also the best solution if you have a high viscosity fluid, where a 'regular' nozzle is undable to create small enough droplets.

Luftatomiserande dysa med intern mixning. Vätska och luft blandas inne i dysan och lämnar dysan genom samma utloppshål.

Internal mixing

  • Liquid and air are mixed in the nozzle and exit the nozzle through the same orifice.
  • The streams are not independent; airflow changes will affect the liquid flow
  • Not suitable for liquids with a viscosity above 200 cP.

Luftatomiserande dysa med extern mixning. Luft och vätska lämnar dysan genom två separata öppningshål.

External mixing

  • Air and liquid exit the nozzle through two separate orifices.
  • Air and liquid flow rates can be controlled independently, allowing precise metering of the liquid flow rate
  • Suitable for all types of liquids, even above 200 cP.

Dysor med intermittent sprayning kontrollerar spray och dosering med hjälp av elektrisk eller pneumatisk styrning.

Automatic nozzles

Spray nozzles and systems for intermittent spraying of liquids are used, for example, in the food industry and the pharmaceutical industry when high precision dosing is required or when a very expensive spray medium is used and spillage is to be avoided. The spray and dosage are controlled by means of electrical or pneumatic controls.

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

BETE's FlexFlow™ Spray Control System creates optimal spray precision by regulating the spray flow using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). With traditional spray nozzles, the flow is adjusted by changing the fluid pressure, which in turn leads to a change in droplet size and spray pattern. PWM flow control creates a cyclical spray, i.e. on and off, up to 150 times per second. FlexFlow™ controls the fluid flow, with unchanged spray characteristics, without requiring a change in fluid pressure, creating a uniform, high-precision spray.

BETEs FlexFlow™ Spray Control System skapar en optimal sprayprecision genom att reglera sprayflödet med hjälp av Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). PMW flödeskontroll skapar en cyklisk spray, dvs på och av, upp till 150 gånger per sekund.

För att göra rent tankar och kärl på ett effektivt sätt används olika typer av tankrengöringsdysor - statiska tankrengöringsdysor, roterande tankrengöringsdysor och större tankrengöringsmaskiner,

Tank cleaning nozzles

Spray pattern of tank cleaning nozzles ranges from 90° to 360° depending on the shape of the tank and the purpose of the tank cleaning. Different tank cleaning nozzles create different droplet sizes, which will affect cleaning impact.